How did stars, planets, galaxies, gravity, and other forces form after the Big Bang?

Mr. Khoji
1

 How did stars, planets, galaxies, gravity, and other forces form after the Big Bang?




Somebody of You might think that How earth formed after the big bang? or the first element formed after the big bang. So now here is the complete answer to your question. 

 This is a frequently asked question how did stars, planets, Galaxies, Gravity, and other forces form after the big bang. So the story begins where the twin sisters, Time and Space, were born.  We call it the "Big Bang."  Our current scientific models are still unable to tell us what happened and how it happens. This period is called plank time.  It is believed that during this time all the forces of the universe came together in the form of a "super force" which gradually separated from each other.  Well, here's what happened after Planck's Time:


 When electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force and wave nuclear force came together in the form of "electronuclear force", it means that gravity was separated from them.  Otherwise, as I mentioned above, there was a time 🕒 before that where these four forces were together.  This is called "Planck Epoch".  That is, the time was just past Planck's time, which is 10^-43 seconds.  This was the time when the universe was very hot and dense.


 This was followed by the "Grand Unification Epoch" where Gravity separated from the other three forces.  And the universe at that time was a soup of quarks, antiquarks, and gluons that were in the state of an aqua Librium.


 Then, at 10^-35 seconds, the Strong Force separated from the other two forces, causing the universe to expand abruptly and rapidly.  It was an "inflation epoch".  Here the elementary particles formed during the "Grand Unification Epoch" spread throughout the universe.




 Then the universe entered the "electroweak epoch" where at 10^-12 seconds the electroweak force also split into electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force.  Now the four forces were separated and the universe entered the "quark epoch".


 The temperature in the "Quark Epoch" was so high that the quarks could not combine to form "hadrons" and the universe at that time was just a plasma of quarks, antiquarks, leptons, anti leptons, and gluons.  It was 10^-12 seconds after the Big Bang.


 This was followed by "Hadron Epoch" which was 10^-6 seconds after the Big Bang.  Now the temperature was so high that the quarks could combine to form "hadrons".  This was the time when Hadrons dominated the mass of the universe.  But as the temperature of the universe continued to fall, more pairs of hydrons and anti-hydrons could not form, and hydrons and anti-hydrons began to annihilate each other.  From here, things get trickier, and this is where the Leptons' epoch begins:


 "Leptons Epoch" started about a second after the Big Bang.  At that time the temperature was such that they could continue the process of making leptons and anti-leptons so they were in the thermal aquifer.  About ten seconds after the Big Bang, the temperature dropped so much that the pairs of leptons and anti-leptons no longer formed, and their annihilation caused most of the leptons and anti-leptons to disappear.  Now, if the universe was ruled, it was the photons that came out on the annihilation of leptons and anti-leptons, and here the universe entered the "photon epoch".



 Ten seconds after the Big Bang, photons dominate the energy of the universe.  In the first few minutes of the "photon epoch" the process of "nucleus synthesis" began, in which the nucleus of the atom began to form.  For the rest of the photon epoch, the universe remained a hot, extremely dense plasma of nucleus, electrons, and photons.


 After 370,000 years of the Big Bang, the temperature of the universe dropped so much that nuclei could now combine with electrons to form atoms.  Now the photons, which had previously collided repeatedly with electrons and nuclei, have a chance to get away from them.  The universe had become transparent and this was the time when cosmic background radiations (CMBRs) were born which we discovered and understood the beginning of the universe. Now the universe was preparing itself for a structural formation of stars, galaxies, and clusters.


 Electrons, protons, and neutrons form hydrogen atoms that are scattered throughout the universe.  Gravity brought them closer together.  Where these clouds of hydrogen were present in large quantities, they came together in one place and began to form stars.  From which galaxies, clusters, superclusters, etc. were formed.  These stars continued to fuse hydrogen into helium and further fusion under heavy pressure and gravity resulted in heavy atoms turning into iron etc.  From the supernova this star 'exploded' and these heavy elements spread in the universe and became planets.


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